What+is+an+Animal

__ What is an Animal? __
 * __ Characteristics and What You Will Learn About __**

They obtain and digest their own food [] ||
 * *This is an example of how a predator cathes thier prey and how it is digested.

Animals are organisms that have multiple eukaryotic cells


 * [[image:file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/HP_ADM%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif width="14" height="13" caption="*"]] ||


 * This is a video of the basic cell stucture and the function of each part.[]* ||

They Reproduce


 * [[image:fertalization_1[2].jpg width="801" height="407"]] ||

They have ways of adaptations to help them protect themselves


 * [[image:animals_adapt.JPG width="583" height="386"]] ||

[] ||
 * *This is an example of how a animal uses special traits to protect themselves.

They grow and develop Animals must consume their food to obtain energy and nutrients. Animals cannot make their own food. Most animals live in or near water because water contains the biggest food supply. Animals move about in their environment in an active search for food. Animals are [|heterotrophs]. After ingesting food, animals then digest their food. When it comes to the digestive system in animals, the size varies, some have big and some have small. Through digestion animals obtain the energy and nutrients needed to survive.
 * __ Animals obtain and digest their food __**

Animals have specialized cells that help them carry out different functions needed for life. The basic structure of an animal cell looks like this; Animals’ cells have micro organs that carry out specific cell functions in the animal.
 * __ Cells in Animals __**

Most animals reproduce sexually. Male animals produce sperm, and female animals produce egg cells. When the sperm and egg unite, fertilization occurs and a zygote, (a fertilized egg), is formed. All animals develop from these zygotes. When an egg is fertilized, it can be internal or external. Every zygote divides by mitosis, a form of cell division, to form two cells. After cell division, the organism is known as an embryo, an organism at an early stage of growth and development. Then, the zygote divides again to form four cells, and so on, until a[|blastula] is formed. After blastula formation, cell division continues until the cells at one end of the blastula move inward, forming a cavity lined with a second layer of cells. This structure is now called a[|gastrula] **.** The layers of cells on the outer surface of the gastrula are called the **[|ectoderm],** which eventually develops into the skin and nervous tissue of the animal. The layers of cells on the inner surface of the gastrula are called the[| endoderm], which eventually develop into the digestive system of the animal. In some animals the gastrula progresses until a layer of cells called the mesoderm is formed. The **[|mesoderm]** is found in the embryo between the ectoderm and the endoderm. The mesoderm cells are the ones that eventually develop into the muscles, circulatory system, excretory system, and in some, the respiratory system of the organisms. If the opening in the gastrula develops into the mouth of the organism, then the organism is called a[| protostome]. An example of a protostome is a snail, an earthworm, or an insect. If the organism’s mouth develops from cells somewhere other than the opening in the gastrula, the animal is called a [|deuterostome]. Examples of deuterostomes include fish, toads, snakes, birds, and mammals.
 * __ Reproduction __**

Animals have evolved in different ways to adapt to their environments. Some animals developed [|exoskeletons], which is a hard covering on the outside of the body that provides a framework for support and protects the soft body tissues. Exoskeletons are often found in **[|invertebrates]**. Invertebrates include animals such as crabs, dragonflies, spiders, and beetles. Other animals have evolved **[|endoskeletons]**, which is an internal support system that provides support for the organism’s body and protection of internal organs. Endoskeletons are usually found in **[|vertebrates]**. All vertebrates are bilaterally symmetrical, such as fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
 * __ Animal Protection and Support __**

Embryos continue to develop until they begin to look like smaller versions of the adult organism. These tiny versions are referred to as a larvae or a juvenile. Once the larval or juvenile stage is over, the adult continues to develop until it reaches the adult stage. When the organism is an adult, the animal is sexually mature and will mate to continue the cycle of life.
 * __ Growth and Development __**

Most biologists agree that animals evolved from aquatic, colonial protists, and that the major animal body plans that exist today came into existence during the Cambrian Period. Most of these major body plans are ones of [|symmetry]. Different symmetries in organisms enable them to do different things.
 * __ Origin of Animals __**

The different kinds of symmetry include [|asymmetry], **[|radial symmetry]**, and [|bilateral symmetry]. Animals that are asymmetrical have irregular body shapes, such as a sponge. Animals that are asymmetrical usually do not move about from place to place, and represent one of the oldest stages of animal development on Earth. An organism such as a hydra represents an organism of radial symmetry. Its tentacles radiate out from around its mouth, and its body can be divided along any plane into roughly equal halves. Radial symmetry shows the evolutionary adaptation that enables an animal to capture prey coming from any direction. When thinking of an animal, we mainly think of animals that have bilateral symmetry. Bilaterally symmetrical animals can be divided in half vertically, such as a butterfly. There are 3 different kinds of organisms that have bilateral symmetry: acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and coeloms. Each type of bilateral animal has an **[|anterior]**, a [|posterior], a **[|dorsal]** area, and a [|ventral] area. Animals with bilateral symmetry can find food and mates and avoid predators because they are more developed. The differences between acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and coeloms is that acoelomates are organisms like flatworms, that develop from all three cell layers and have no body cavities; pseudocelomates include organisms like roundworms, which develop from a fluid filled body cavity //partly// lined with mesoderm; and a coelom is an organism that developed from a an embryo with a fluid filled space that is completely surrounded by mesoderm, such as a human being.

[|Blastula-] the early developmental stage of an animal, following the morula stage and consisting of a single, spherical layer of cells enclosing a hollow, central cavity.
 * __ Vocabulary of Chapter (bolded words) __**
 * [|Heterotroph]- ** an organism requiring organic compounds for its principal source of food.
 * [|Gastrula]- ** a metazoan embryo in an early state of germ layer formation following the blastula stage, consisting of a cuplike body of two layers of cells, the ectoderm and endoderm, enclosing a central cavity, or archenteron, that opens to the outside by the blastopore: in most animals progressing to the formation of a third cell layer, the mesoderm.
 * [|Ectoderm]- ** the outer germ layer in the embryo of a metazoan
 * [|Endoderm]- ** the innermost body tissue that derives from this layer, as the gut lining
 * [|Mesoderm]- ** the middle germ layer of a metazoan embryo
 * [|Protostome]- ** any member of the lower invertebrate phyla in which the mouth appears before the anus during development, cleavage is spiral and determinate, and the coelom forms as a splitting of the mesoderm
 * [|Deuterostome]- ** 1.) mouth that develops separately from the blastopore 2.) any member of the phyla (Chordata, Hemichordata, Echinodermata, Chaetognatha) in which the anus appears first, developing at or near the blastopore, cleavage is radial and indeterminate, and the mesoderm and coelom form from outgrowths of the primitive gut
 * [|Acoelomate]- ** animals that develop from three cell layers-ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm, but have no body cavities.
 * [|Pseudocoelomates]- ** fluid filled body cavity partly lined with mesoderm
 * [|Coelom]- ** a fluid filled space that is completely surrounded by mesoderm.

Take This Quiz to Test Your Knowledge of Animals!! :D

1. Which is NOT a characteristic of an animal? a. They grow and develop. b. They obtain and digest food. c. They enjoy sushi. d. They have adaptations that help them protect themselves. 2. The middle germ layer of a metazoan embryo is… a. The mesoderm b. The blastula c. The ectoderm d. The endoderm 3. What do scientists agree that most animals evolved from? a. Prehistoric dinosaurs b. Wooly mammoths from the Ice Age c. Ancient species of trees d. Colonial protists 4. Which is an example of an animal with asymmetry? a. a dog b. a sponge c. a whale d. an amoeba 5. What continues the animal cycle? a. When animals mature and sexually reproduce. b. When humans breed other organisms. c. When species mix. d. When evolution continues to change physical characteristics of organisms. Answers 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A

Word Search =what is an animal word search=


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 * ACOELOMATE ||  || BLASTULA ||   || COELOM ||
 * DEUTEROSTOME ||  || ENDOSKELETON ||   || EUKARYOTIC ||
 * EXOSKELETON ||  || GASTRULA ||   || HETEROTROPH ||
 * INVERTABRATE ||  || MESODERM ||   || PROTOSTOME ||
 * PSEUDOCOELOM ||  || SYMMETRY ||   || VERTABRATE ||
 * INVERTABRATE ||  || MESODERM ||   || PROTOSTOME ||
 * PSEUDOCOELOM ||  || SYMMETRY ||   || VERTABRATE ||
 * PSEUDOCOELOM ||  || SYMMETRY ||   || VERTABRATE ||
 * PSEUDOCOELOM ||  || SYMMETRY ||   || VERTABRATE ||

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