Reproduction+in+Plants

Reproduction in Plants Objectives 1. Review the steps of alternation of generations. 2. Survey and identify methods of reproduction and the life cycles of mosses, ferns, and conifers. Vocabulary 1. Gametophyte- haploid form of an organism in alternation of generations that produces gametes. 2. Vegetative reproduction- a process by which plants can reproduce asexually 3. Protonema- a small green filament of cells that can develop into a gametophyte 4. Megaspore- a female spore that eventually can become the female gametophyte 5. Microspore- a male spore that can develop into a male gametophyte 6. Micropyle- the opening of the ovule in the female cone 7. Petal- usually the colorful structure at the top of the flower stem 8. Sepal- usually leaflike and encircle the peduncle below the petals 9. Stamen- the male reproductive organ of a flower 10. Anther- the tip of the stamen which produces pollen and eventually contains sperm 11. Pistil- the female organ of the flower 12. Ovary- a structure that contains an egg 13. Photoperiodism- the response of flowering plants to daily daylight-darkness conditions 14. Short-day plant- flowers when the number of daylight hours is shorter than that of its critical period 15. Long-day plant- flowers when the number of daylight hours is longer than that of its critical period 16. Day-neutral plant- a plant that will flower over a range of daylight hours 17. Polar nuclei- two nuclei enclosed in one cell 18. Double Fertilization- one sperm fertilizes the egg and the other sperm joins with the central cell 19. Endosperm- food storage tissue that supports development 20. Dormancy- a period of inactivity in a mature seed 21. Germination- the beginning of the development of an embryo into a new plant 22. Radicle- the embryonic root 23. Hypocotyl- the portion of the stem nearest the seed

Outline __Section 1__ · Alternation of Generations ü Plant life cycles include an alternation of generations - Asexual reproduction ü Reproduction only requiring one parent that results in identical organisms · Life Cycle of Mosses ü The gametophyte stage is the dominant generation In mosses. Motile sperm from an antheridium swim in a continuous film of water to an egg in an archegonium. · Life Cycle of Ferns ü The dominant stage is the sporophute stage. Fern fronds (a part of the sorophyte) grow from a rhimzome, which is an underground stem. · The Life Cycle of Conifers ü The dominant stage in conifers is the sporophyte generation. The adult conifer produces male and female cones on separate branches of one plant. __Section 2__

· What is a flower? ü